What are random numbers
Random numbers refer to numbers that are randomly generated within a certain range, and each number has the same chance of being selected. Random numbers can be generated by physical methods (such as rolling dice, drawing lots, etc.), or by computers or calculators through specific algorithms. Random numbers generated by computers or calculators are generated by deterministic algorithms and are periodic, so they are called pseudo-random numbers. However, due to their random number-like properties and fast generation speed, they are usually regarded as random numbers approximately.
Applications of random numbers
Random numbers are widely used in statistics, computer science and other fields. For example:
Statistics:
When extracting representative samples from a statistical population, random numbers ensure the randomness of the samples.
Computer Science:
When performing Monte Carlo simulation calculations, random numbers are used to simulate various random events.
Experimental Design:
When assigning experimental animals to different test groups, random numbers ensure the fairness of the experiment.
Methods of generating random numbers
Physical methods:
Generate random numbers through physical processes, such as rolling dice, drawing lots, etc.
Computer or calculator method: Generate pseudo-random numbers using a calculator or computer software with a PRB function. For example, using Excel, the RANDI function of a calculator, or the RANDBETWEEN function of a computer can generate random numbers within a specified range.